Recent abuses of authority in both military and civilian organisations have revived interest in what is described as “the dark side of leadership” - toxic leaders. Also described as destructive, dysfunctional and abusive, toxic leadership poses a serious threat to organisational health and the organisational costs of a toxic leader can be enormous. The paradox is that toxic leaders are repetitively promoted rather than uprooted. Recent research has found that toxic leaders decrease Army’s effectiveness and that having a toxic boss results in a 48 per cent decrease in work effort and 38 per cent decrease in work quality. Leadership expert Dr George Reed writes that “the false perception of th
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